Second Great Awakening - 954 Words

â€Å"IN WHAT WAYS DID THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING INFLUENCE AMERICAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE?† In the thirty year span between 1830 and 1860, the Second Great Awakening did much to change the modern American mind by sparking the abolitionist movement, empowering women (in their domestic sphere) and forming the cult of domesticity, partially fixing the corrupt government through the temperance movement, and in the creation of many utopian societies by radical religious populations. Puritanism was kicked to the side when Evangelicalism took root. This religious renaissance was absolutely more optimistic than worship from the past; sin was no longer an inevitable part of your being. Rather, you could find salvation through yourself, so long as†¦show more content†¦Obviously this affected politics, with no more persuasion by alcohol. Just as groups had formed against the consumption of alcohol, isolated religious groups began to form against everyone but themselves. Called â€Å"Utopian Communities†, religious groups were created that challenged society and itâ⠂¬â„¢s religions, which is very similar to the Evangelical movement. There were hundreds of these communities, with one of the most popular being the â€Å"Shakers†.9 The Shakers believed in the complete equality of male and females, but at the price of being completely celibate. The only way there could be new members was if there were converts or children who would come into a Shaker village. Most of these utopian communities shared an idea of millennialism, which talks about Jesus returning and a new era of the world beginning. The social impact of this is blatantly clear; many more religious groups were being created, rather than a few sects of religion. The Second Great Awakening contained many social and political changes. People began to improve themselves and the Northern part of the country began to come together, like they were being glued. Equality seemed to be a recurring idea with the abolitionist movement, women wanting to be able to vote, and even the equality of opposite genders in the Shaker community. This religious celebration brought forth a new attitude inShow MoreRelatedThe Second Great Awakening Essay531 Words   |  3 Pages In the 1830s, 1840s, and beyond, There is a Second Great Awakening. The Second Great Awakening had a decided impact on American society. In the following I will describe what the Great Awakening was and how it changed life in America. In essence, the Great Awakening was a religious awakening. It started in the South. Tent camps were set up that revolve around high spirited meetings that would last for days. These camp meetings were highly emotional and multitudes of people were filledRead MoreImpact of Second Great Awakening on Modern Society1415 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of the Second Great Awakening in Modern-Day Society The Second Great Awakening laid the foundations of the development of present-day religious beliefs and establishments, moral views, and democratic ideals in the United States. Beginning back in late eighteenth century and lasting until the middle of the nineteenth century,1 this Protestant awakening sought to reach out the un-churched and bring people to a much more personal and vivid experience of Christianity. Starting on the SouthernRead MoreThe Second Great Awakening1147 Words   |  5 PagesPuritanism or Separatism, and would not allow any heretical or contrary behaviors to be pursued. The people who had resented religious oppression would not allow other people in minority to practice what they felt was true. On the other hand, the Second Great Awakening, which materialized during the late 1700s and early 1800s, was a stark contrast to the stringent values the Massachusetts colonies had nurtured. Free thinking and new ideologies arose and abounded in the early 19th century. T hese two religiousRead MoreThe Second Great Awakening1977 Words   |  8 PagesDuring the Second Great Awakening many Americans were stirred by passionate religious movements and Mormonism was one of them. Although it initially began as a revelation given to Joseph Smith, his strong beliefs led to powerful revivals in the New York area that drew people from across the northeast. Despite strong interest and numerous converters to the faith, the Mormon community would not remain in the New York area for long. Though they had an objective of spreading Mormonism throughout AmericaRead MoreThe Religious Impact Of The Second Great Awakening1403 Words   |  6 PagesThe Second Great Awakening was a religious movement that took place in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. Around the same time, the concepts of Jacksonian democracy was becoming increasingly more well known. This idea stressed the importance of the common individual. It focused on the ordinary people and what t hey thought about government. Jacksonian democracy also clarified that slavery is an issue. Religiously, The Second Great Awakening strongly The religious concept of earningRead MoreMarket Revolution and Second Great Awakening861 Words   |  4 PagesThe economic â€Å"market revolution† and the religious â€Å"Second Great Awakening† shaped American society after 1815. Both of these developments affected women significantly, and contributed to their changing status both inside and outside the home. Throughout time, women’s roles and opportunities in the family, workplace, and society have greatly evolved. Women’s role in the family before 1815 was based around the idea of Republican Motherhood. Republican Motherhood is the idea that children should beRead MoreNotes On : Reviving Religion976 Words   |  4 Pagesperson God existed there c) The Second Great Awakening started in the 1800s. This caused lots of changes such as moving towards abolishing as well as moving towards women rights i) Baptists and Methodist stressed a lot about emotionalism ii) Peter Cartwright was known as the traveling preachers iii) Charles Grandison Finney was one of the greatest preachers during the 2nd awakening 2) Denominational Diversity a) SinceRead MoreU.S. Economy in 1800s1528 Words   |  7 PagesCleveland and to the emerging iron and steel center at Pittsburgh. Agriculture in the Midwest was a large-scale commercial activity raising crops and livestock for sale to the east. The transportation system involving railroads, canals, and the Great Lakes linked the east and the Midwest, binding them together into a single economic unit. As commercial agriculture expanded in the Midwest farming declined in the northeast and the scale of farms increased. While 70 percent of the Norths populationRead MoreReform Movements in Second Great Awakening Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pagesideals. Assess the validity of this statement with specific reference to the years 1825-1850.’ Reform movements in the United States sought to expand democratic ideals from the quarter century time period of 1825-1850 also known as the Second Great Awakening. These democratic ideals included voting for everyone eighteen and older (with the exception of minors, women, insane, and criminals), freedom of expression, press, speech and religion, election of officials, property rights, free and publicRead MoreThe Development Of Abolitionism And Anti Slavery937 Words   |  4 Pagesanti-slavery in Allegany County was tied to the forces influencing the rise of abolitionism in the Western New York area. In the early 19th century, the Second Great Awakening occurred. The religious activity in Western New York gained it the label of the Burned Over District, from the prominent preacher Charles Grandison Finney. The Second Great Awakening in the Burned Over District helped lead the establishment of a number of anti-slavery denominations and subgroups in the region, and helped to produce

Sustainability and Waste Management Free Essays

Waste Management Sustainability is very important when it comes to our environment and the removal of our waste. Why should we remove our waste properly and what are the benefits of removing of it properly? For starters leaving waste in the environment can seriously damage wildlife kill major ecosystems and so on, not to mention the unsightliness of it and smell in our homes and neighborhoods. There are also great benefits to removing waste properly like cost to an individual it can help you save a lot of money. We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainability and Waste Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now It will keep are environment clean and full of life and leave the earth better for future generation. There are three simple ways that most companies use to help decrease the amount of waste we put out in the world and they are reducing, reuse, and recycle. These are three simple ways to better help our environment. Reducing is very simple if we reduce the amount of trash we use there will be less to throw away like using reseal able bags and containers that can be used again or finding ways to not use waste in the first place. Reusing is also simple like I stated above using thing over and over again will cut down on the waste we put out. Recycling is something that may be more difficult for most people to do but can help tons in waste management recycling is the simple act of taking something that was used and making it into another product that is usable for someone else. When it comes to not disposing of our waste properly and hurting wildlife most people underestimate how much throwing a piece of trash on the ground is really hurting our environment. Most people believe that if I throw this on the ground it should dissolve in a few days but that is not the case it takes up to thirty years for a piece of plastic to dissolve in the ground and over fifty years for a simple six pack holder. Disposing of waste on the ground also brings around critters that are not wanted in our environment like rats and raccoons. So just think about that for a second if there was no such thing as waste management and people simple just discarded of trash in their yards it would take many years for any of that to go away and would probably kill most of what it sits on and be harmful to any animals that come across this stuff not to mention the damage it does to trees and other plants. Leaving trash around also spreads unwanted disuses and can cause personal injury to anyone that comes into contact with it. There are also some major benefits to discarding of waste properly. The more people that recycle the cheaper it gets, also it is much cheaper to recycle than it is to remove waste and start more landfills and add to the ones we already have. When it comes to saving you some money or leaving the earth better than it was when we got here. Recycling also creates 1. 1 million jobs and grossed 236 billion dollars annually. Every time you recycle you are creating four jobs so the more people who do it create more jobs and pump more money into our economy. When we use recycled paper we saving money by buying cheaper paper and not having to cut down more trees, which everyone knows, are very important for the survival of any life. Also recycling steel can provide energy for millions of households around the globe. But also this creates jobs and improves living conditions for everyone. There really are not too many skeptics when it comes to not removing of waste properly but those we don’t really know the effects of adding improper waste to our environment. But with a little education on the issue almost everyone would be pro choice on recycling. This issue is a great one because we are talking about our future and need to keep our earth in shape for our future residents and through the act of removing waste properly we can see to it that this happens. There are many ways we can educate the youth and our population on why we should continue to use waste management Work Cited page National Recycling Coalition. Waste Management. † Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 10 Aug. 2011. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Waste_management. Work Cited page Citation added: â€Å"Waste Management. † Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 22 Jan. 2008. Web. 10 Aug. 2011. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Waste_management. Braungart, Michael. â€Å"Waste Management. † Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 10 Aug. 2011. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Waste_management. How to cite Sustainability and Waste Management, Essay examples

Integrated Management Project

Question : How does your problem/solution impact on the marketing dimension? Answer : Introduction: The information system in the healthcare is one of the basic requirements of the healthcare organization. In this report the issues faced by the Al-Shifa for implementing the healthcare information system is being described in details. The healthcare information system is used to store data regarding the administrative and management service of the organization. The information regarding the operation, financial and legal issues are also included within the healthcare information system. The main objective of the healthcare information system is to improve the accessibility of relevant data that will help to improve the quality of health service. Without the proper information related to the healthcare system it is not possible for the healthcare workers to provide accurate and correct treatment. The main challenge that is faced by the healthcare organization of Oman is due to the high cost that is needed for implementing the sophisticated equipment of the healthcare information system. The issue have arisen due to shortage of skilled health workers, which has the ability to handle the complex equipment. The lack of professional training is one of the key issues that has caused in poor implementation of the healthcare information system. This report focuses on the relevant theories related to the healthcare information system. The hospital has faced several issues like inaccurate and poor patient treatment due to lack of proper clinical information (Al-Gharbi 2014). Theory related to information in healthcare system (HIS) The healthcare information system can be divided into two major parts that includes the clinical and the administrative part. The main difference between these two components is the type of data that is being used. The clinical form the data that is used is directly related to the information of the patient care. All the major decisions related to the patient care are made using the clinical data. It is important to have correct and accurate information that will help in the matter of providing accurate treatment to the patients. On the other hand, the data which are needed for the management of a healthcare organization are kept under the administrative data. The data related to individual patient care are also done using the administrative data. The clinical information related to the healthcare is obtained using the clinical database and also the evidence based decision making system. The administrative part of the data is used for making business report, which will help to set th e benchmark for the activities with the healthcare organization. The epidemiological information system is another essential element of the administrative information system. Detail information regarding various diseases and health condition of the population is used under this system of information. There is also the component of quality system that helps in the matter of providing high quality healthcare service. The elements of the clinical and administrative parts together form the complex theoretical model of the healthcare information system. The information that is used in these elements forms the basis of the healthcare information system and thereby assists in the process of building clinical database. The theories of Trait can be used to build the basis of building the elements related to the healthcare information system. The leadership and the action behaviour is also is determined using the components of the Trait theory. People involved in healthcare information system The use of the healthcare information system is one of the effective techniques that are used by all the major healthcare organization to improve the efficiency of the healthcare service. All the healthcare workers, nurses and medical practioaiires use the healthcare information system to provide accurate and high quality treatment to the patients. Due to lack of proper infrastructure within the Al-Shifa hospital of Oman, all the health workers had to face difficulty in using proper information related to the individual patient care. The nurses of the organizations are also not able to display proper leadership attributes without the help of proper information system. In order to have efficient leadership skills in nursing, it is necessary to have sufficient information related to the self-awareness. The organized information will also help the nurse to provide proper guidance to all the other workers of the organization (Ball, Weaver and Kiel 2013). The healthcare information will also help in the workers to develop solutions to deal with the issues that are faced by the patients while seeking treatment. Moreover, using the information of the past records it is also possible for the healthcare workers to deal with similar situation of the future. The government officials of the healthcare department will use the information of medical care to prepare policies of health department. Hence, without the implementation of the healthcare information system it is not possible for Al-Shifa hospital to provide effective quality of health service to the society. The reputation of the healthcare organization can also be compromised as they will fail to provide accurate and correct treatment to the society. Financial Aspects According to Bowling (2014), one of the effective ways to deal with the help of the effective health care information system, it is possible to deal with the financial elements of healthcare costs. The proper utilization of the available resource can help to provide cost-effective treatments. With the help of proper access of the healthcare information system it is possible for Al-Shifa to deal with the increased cost of healthcare service. The healthcare service is one of the primary essential services that are needed for the society. In a nation like Oman, everyday thousands of individuals seek medical treatment from the healthcare organization. It is not possible for the health workers to keep the records of every patient. It is important to have proper operation management techniques, which will help to deal with the information that is related to the patient care. The hospitals need to have sufficient budget that will help to deal with the operation management system. During the modern days the hospital information system requires the application of the latest technology and therefore helps to deal with individual patient care. The application of the latest technology includes installation hardware and the software platforms. This will help to deal with the administrative and management related tasks of the hospital, which includes billing information and clinical data related to the history of individual patients. By the year of 1999, 30% of the hospitals of Oman have introduced the policy of advanced hospital information system. Moreover, by the end of 2010s, almost all the hospitals of Oman have introduced the policy of healthcare information system (Jahan et al. 2015). The cost of the health service has increased significantly after the implication of the healthcare service. In spite of the fact that only 2% of the total hospital expense spent on the information system, after its implication, the cost of affording medical cost have increased s ignificantly. It is important for the healthcare organizations like Al-Shifa hospital to deal with the extra amount that is spent on the implementation of the information system. Chiao, Knzle and Reichert (2012), have stated that the application of the healthcare information system, a healthcare organization can minimize the cost that is spent on the total healthcare service. The use of the healthcare system can help also help to provide cost-effective health service. The early financing that is spend on the healthcare information system will help to build strong and healthy infrastructure for the providing error free medical treatments to patients. One of the primary challenges for Al-Shifa hospital is to provide cost-effective healthcare, which will help the people of Oman to seek accurate form of treatments. With time as the healthcare information system will improve, it is possible for the Al-Shifa hospital to provide lower cost health service. The overall expenditure of the health cost can also be reduced significantly. However, the Al-Shifa hospital needs to employ skilful IT engineers so that it is possible to make the best use of the information syste m to reduce the cost of the overall healthcare infrastructure. Marketing of HIS The healthcare information system is one of the effective ways that can be help in the marketing of the healthcare organization. In the modern days the healthcare information system is used as an effective tool for marketing. The use of the latest technology is considered to be one of the effective and reliable sources to provide information about critical healthcare planning. The healthcare market of Oman has faced significant obstacles for the implication process of the healthcare information system. The lack of awareness among the people of Oman is the main resistance faced by Al-Shifa hospital to implement the strategy of information system. The marketing of the hospital care will help to promote the ideas of health policies. The hospital can use the techniques of digital marketing that will help in the matter of increasing the popularity of the organization. With the total number of internet users increasing in Oman it is easily possible for Al-Shifa hospital to gain popularity with the healthcare market. Moreover, with the help of hospital information system it is possible for Al-Shifa to provide details data about the clinical care that is provided to the public. The digital form of marketing will also help to reduce the cost of healthcare marketing and it is also possible to reach a wide range of people. The use of social media marketing is one of the effective ways to choose increase the popularity of the hospital (Mackey and Liang 2013). As there are a growing numbers of healthcare organizations in Oman, Al-Shifa hospital has to face tough competition. The strategy of the marketing activities helps to reduce the cost of the implementing health care information system. The marketing activities help to encourage the patients to make best use of the healthcare information service. The marketing campaign will also help to promote the ethical values of the hospital and also ensure that the personal information about patient care is kept classified. Steinberg and Sackmary (2015), have mentioned that unlike investment in the marketing actives of other forms of industries, investment in the healthcare industry is significantly low. However, with the proper application of the healthcare information system, it is possible to encourage more investment in the health sector. According to Sun et al. (2013), it is crucial for the health care organization to follow the code of ethical conduct while displaying advertisements. With the help of the healthcare information system it is possible to prevent unethical practice during the marketing activities. This will help to ensure that the patients do not get any false and wrong information. The marketing of the healthcare service is one of the essential requirements in the society of Oman. It is the duty of Al-Shifa hospital to provide correct form of information and increase the level of patient awareness about the patient care. The marketing activities will help to also help the healthcare organization to attract other healthcare workers, nurse and other medical practionaires. Strategy for HIS Without the help of the proper strategy, it is not possible to implement the use of healthcare care information system. One of the main effective features of the healthcare information system is to use effective and accurate information. The economy of Oman is dominated by the industrial sector, which forms 55% of GDP of the nation (Zahlan 2016). The political environment of the country has wide range of industrial sectors as the government of Oman encourages wide range of economy. Being one of the most liberal and democratic countries of the world, it is possible for the Al-Shifa hospital to easily implement the strategy of information system in healthcare. Being one of the largest crude oil producers of the world, economy of the nation is hugely dependent on the export of petroleum products. The economic stability of the nation will encourage the firms like Al-Shifa hospital to invest more in the latest technological development of the healthcare service. Moreover, the improved and advanced healthcare facilities of the nation will also encourage the Al-Shifa hospital to take aggressive measure to improve the infrastructure of healthcare informatics. The advanced technological infrastructure of Oman will also help the Al-Shifa hospital to easily incorporate effective strategy (Landen 2015). Al-Shifa hospital has to consider the legal policies of the nation so that it is possible to ensure there is no unethical practice that is being incorporated in the business strategy of the nation. The main problem that is associated with the implementation of the healthcare information system is the lack of awareness among the people and also proper utilization of the available resources. Operations management of HIS The improved healthcare information system is one of the significant parts of the operation management that help to improve the supply chain in the healthcare department. The supply chain of the Al-Shifa hospital can be improved with increased level of information that will help to deal with the consequence of gathering resources. The dynamic flow of information is important to improve the flow of supply distribution (Koh et al. 2013). The healthcare firm need to have effective supply chain that will help to decode the information that is needed in the effective use of the health resources. It is a challenge for the Al-Shifa hospital to meet the high demand of resources that is needed in the health service. With the help of advanced information the management of the hospital can establish partnership with the health resource suppliers that will help to meet the demand. The improved flow of information can help the operations of the supply chain by reducing the total time by incorpora ting the technique of arms-length supply chain. The cost of the supply chain is generally expensive in the health department of Oman. However, with the help of the advanced information system the cost of the supply of health service can be reduced significantly (Abdelhak, Grostick and Hanken 2014). Project Management of HIS The project management helps to deal with the future planning of the healthcare system of Al-Shifa hospital. The healthcare information system can be improved by effective project planning that is aimed to improve the service quality of the organization. The sociotechnical approach is one of the effective techniques that can be incorporated as the project model for better patient care information system. With the help of the sociotechnical approach, it is possible to incorporate the IT infrastructure for improved quality of healthcare information system. The standard formula for this model of project will help to deal in organization of the healthcare information that is needed for the patient care of the society of Oman. The hospital also needs to employ skilled IT professionals, as the project development manager, who will help in building a strong foundation for the future of the patient care information system (Bryde, Broquetas and Volm 2013). The team that are involved in the implementation process of the healthcare information system of Al-Shifa hospital need to act efficiently, which will help in proper utilization of the clinical data that is obtained. They only have to depend on the information provided by the patients for recommending treatment to the patients. They also have to face the risks of medical errors that can arise due to lack of proper and accurate information about the individual patient care. It is also not possible for the organizations to implement innovative ideas of business. It is the duty of the hospital management to employ the workers, who will have the skills to make use of the health care informatics. In order to improve the infrastructure of the HIS, it is important for the hospital to gather sufficient funds from government and private organization. It is important for Al-Shifa hospital to use the PESTEL analysis to prepare effective strategies for the healthcare information system. With the rise of the digital age, the people of Oman society are highly dependent on the use of the latest form of technology to seek the health care service. This opportunity of the society can be used by the Al-Shifa hospital to implement strategy for development of the health information system. The Al-Shifa had to spend in the advertising and marketing campaign to educate the patients about the importance of the healthcare information system. The hospital also needs to implement the strategy for improvement of communication and spread awareness among the people. The clinical and administrative models of information is one of the best effective techniques that can be applied for providing better quality health service and also reduce the total number of medical errors. Conclusion Due to the lack of proper information the Al-Shifa hospital of Oman has to face several issues as they failed to provide quality health service. With the help of effective healthcare information it is possible to reduce the cost of health service and thereby improve the business performance of the organization. The supply chain management of the healthcare service can also be improved with the help of effective information system. It is the duty of the hospital management to have effective project management plans that will help to improve the infrastructure of the patient care information system. Reference Abdelhak, M., Grostick, S. and Hanken, M.A., 2014.Health information: management of a strategic resource. Elsevier Health Sciences. Al-Gharbi, K., Gattoufi, S.M., Al-Badi, A.H. and Al-Hashmi, A., 2014. Al-Shifa Healthcare Information System in Oman: A Debatable Implementation Success.The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries,66. Ball, M., Weaver, C. and Kiel, J. eds., 2013.Healthcare information management systems: Cases, strategies, and solutions. Springer Science Business Media. Bowling, A., 2014.Research methods in health: investigating health and health services. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Bryde, D., Broquetas, M. and Volm, J.M., 2013. The project benefits of building information modelling (BIM).International Journal of Project Management,31(7), pp.971-980. Chiao, C.M., Knzle, V. and Reichert, M., 2012. Towards object-aware process support in healthcare information systems. Jahan, F., Al Maqbali, A., Siddiqui, M.A. and Al Zadjali, N.M., 2015. Attitude and Barrier towards Research amongst Health Care Professionals Working in Primary Care Service of Oman.Journal of Health Education Research Development,2015. Koh, H.K., Brach, C., Harris, L.M. and Parchman, M.L., 2013. A proposed health literate care modelwould constitute a systems approach to improving patients engagement in care.Health Affairs,32(2), pp.357-367. Landen, R.G., 2015.Oman since 1856. Princeton University Press. Mackey, T.K. and Liang, B.A., 2013. Pharmaceutical digital marketing and governance: illicit actors and challenges to global patient safety and public health.Globalization and health,9(1), p.1. Steinberg, M. and Sackmary, B., 2015. Marketing in Health Services: A Review of Recent Trends in Obstetrics. InProceedings of the 1988 International Conference of Services Marketing(pp. 306-316). Springer International Publishing. Sun, Y., Wang, N., Guo, X. and Peng, Z., 2013. Understanding the acceptance of mobile health services: a comparison and integration of alternative models.Journal of Electronic Commerce Research,14(2), p.183. Zahlan, R.S., 2016.The Making of the Modern Gulf States: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman(Vol. 10). Routledge.

Motivational Theories free essay sample

Carefully select workers who possess skills and abilities that match the needs of the task, and train them to perform the task according to the established rules and procedures. 4. Carefully select workers who possess skills and abilities that match the needs of the task, and train them to perform the task according to the established rules and procedures. George Elton Mayo (1880 -1949) Mayo had discovered a fundamental concept. Working places should be like as a social environments and good relationship should be maintained between all the workers. People are motivated by much more than self-interest. Mayo concluded that workers are best motivated by: Better communication between managers and workers Greater manager involvement in employees working lives Working in groups or teams. In practice therefore businesses should re-organise production to encourage greater use of team working and introduce personnel departments to encourage greater manager involvement in looking after employees’ interests. His theory most closely fits in with a paternalistic style of management. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivational Theories or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Working places should be like as a social environments and good relationship should be maintained between all the workers. People are motivated by much more than self-interest George Elton Mayo (1880 -1949) Mayo had discovered a fundamental concept. Working places should be like as a social environments and good relationship should be maintained between all the workers. People are motivated by much more than self-interest. Mayo concluded that workers are best motivated by: Better communication between managers and workers Greater manager involvement in employees working lives Working in groups or teams. In practice therefore businesses should re-organise production to encourage greater use of team working and introduce personnel departments to encourage greater manager involvement in looking after employees’ interests. His theory most closely fits in with a paternalistic style of management. Working places should be like as a social environments and good relationship should be maintained between all the workers. People are motivated by much more than self-interest Leading to Satisfaction- * Achievement * Recognition * Work itself * Responsibility * Advancement * Growth Leading to Satisfaction- * Achievement * Recognition * Work itself * Responsibility * Advancement * Growth Leading to Dissatisfaction- * Company policy * Supervision * Relationship w/Boss amp; Peers * Work conditions * Salary Leading to Dissatisfaction- * Company policy * Supervision * Relationship w/Boss amp; Peers * Work conditions * Salary Frederick Irving Herzberg (1923 –2000) To better understand employee attitudes and motivation, Frederick Herzberg performed studies to determine which factors in an employees work environment caused satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Frederick Irving Herzberg (1923 –2000) To better understand employee attitudes and motivation, Frederick Herzberg performed studies to determine which factors in an employees work environment caused satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Abraham Harold Maslow (1908  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ1970) The Hierarchy of Needs-The hierarchy of human needs model suggests that human needs will only be fulfilled one level at a time. Maslow used the term metamotivation to describe self-actualized people who are driven by innate forces beyond their basic needs, so that they may explore and reach their full human potential Abraham Harold Maslow (1908  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ1970) The Hierarchy of Needs-The hierarchy of human needs model suggests that human needs will only be fulfilled one level at a time. Maslow used the term metamotivation to describe self-actualized people who are driven by innate forces beyond their basic needs, so that they may explore and reach their full human potential Principles to increase efficiency; 1. Study the way workers perform their tasks, gather all the informal job knowledge that workers posses, and experiment with ways of improving how tasks are performed. 2. Codify the new methods of performing tasks into written rules and standard operating procedures. Principles to increase efficiency; 3. Study the way workers perform their tasks, gather all the informal job knowledge that workers posses, and experiment with ways of improving how tasks are performed.

Causes of Poverty

Causes of Poverty Free Online Research Papers â€Å"Most people have an idea of what it means to be poor. Many think of conditions such as hunger, homelessness, preventable diseases, unemployment, and illiteracy as elements of poverty †(pg1;Alters). In my eyes poverty is the condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support. Usually people living in poverty lack the essentials; for instants water, food, and shelter. .There are many causes of poverty, all though not all are accepted universally. Poverty is said to be cause by climate, Environment ,Geographic factor, lack of natural resources, Disease, lacking rule of law and also lack of democracy, infrastructure, health car, education, Government corruption, free trade, racial discrimination and overpopulation. I personally feel and agree that it is caused by all these factors. I think that the main reason for poverty is Government corruption and lack of education. As you may notice many countries living in poverty do not have an organized or democratic g overnment. Many scholars have named Capitalism, Socialism, Communism, Monarchy, Fascism and Totalitarianism as causes of poverty. There are many causes of poverty and how it can be measured.â€Å"Poverty researchers refer to two types of poverty: absolute poverty and relative poverty. Absolute poverty means that a persons income is not sufficient to afford basic goods and services. Relative poverty compares a persons income to the median (average) household income in that country. Thus, it measures the gap between an income able to afford typical goods and services and incomes below that level†(page75.Alters). Absolute poverty is also considered when a percentage of a population is eating less food than is required to sustain the human body which is 1200-1700 calories for women and 2000-2500 calories for men. Extreme poverty is when one is living on less then one US$ per day. Relative poverty measures the extent to which a households financial resources falls below an average income for the economy. Many criticize these measurements since in parts of the world as East and South Asia have decreased in th e population of extreme poverty from 28 percent to 21 percent from 1990 to 2001. On the other hand other regions as Sub- Saharan Africa have had an increase of extreme poverty from 41 percent to 48 percent from 1990 to 2001. â€Å"Many people throughout the world are in poverty because they are unemployed or underemployed and live in areas where economic opportunities are severely limited†(page13.Alters). I feel that the reason many people are unemployment and living in poverty is due to the lack of education and government structure. â€Å"When world leaders meet in New York in September they will laud the progress that has been made on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), note somberly that much more needs to be done and then promise to do more before 2015 to get them on track.With 1.4 billion living below the $1.25-a-day global poverty line, the number of hungry or undernourished people rising above one billion as food prices have risen, many countries a long way from the human development goals, and rich countries focused on austerity, these leaders will find it hard to be upbeat.† (Journel.David Hulme) I get the sense that the government is realizing that they have been at fault and that their actions need to to speak louder then their words. I feel if education was imposed upon the youth in developing countries and in general countries around the world the people and government would support each in economical growth and people would be able to excel and come out of poverty. I feel that poverty should be considered as not being able to live a comfortably, not having a place to live, and not being able to provide the basic needs for your self and family like food, water, medical attention, and an education. I have known many people that are living in poverty and don’t attend school so that they could work to help their family survive in America. America is not a poor country ;I could imagine how the people from countries like Africa, and Dominican Republic live. I am Dominican and Puerto Rican. When I go to Dominican Republic I see how these children are on the streets asking for money. I see that if it weren’t for there corrupt government which doesn’t provide their people with home and shelter the children would be living in these conditions. On the other hand I was in Puerto Rico is a common wealth, you can see the difference between Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic. I did not see any children on the streets asking for money in P uerto Rico. Other indications show that the poverty rate is improving due to increase of Life expectancy since WW2. On the other hand poverty has its effects; Two of many effects are starvation and hunger and human trafficking. Hunger is the painful sensation or state of weakness caused by the need of food and starvation is a state of extreme hunger resulting from lack of essential nutrients over a prolonged period. When a person is hunger they experience stomach contractions. In my case of experience mild pain in my stomach called hunger pangs. A single hunger contraction lasts about 30 seconds. It is said that Hunger pangs usually do not begin until 12 to 24 hours after the last ingestion of food, in starvation. In 2003 more than 25,000 people died of starvation according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. When a person starves they lose large amounts of fat and muscle mass as the body breaks down these tissues for energy. This process is called Catabolysis which is the body breaking down muscles and other tissues in order to keep very important systems working in th e body such as the nervous system and heart muscle. Another reason for starvation is the lack of vitamins which leads to the development of anemia, beriberi, pellagra, and scurvy these diseases then lead to diarrhea, skin rashes, edema, and heart failure. Another effect of poverty is Human trafficking. Women are taken against their will and used as sex slaves for money . Some women are tricked into scams since the men who take them captive tell them they are going to bring them to a country like America and will provide them with a job where they could make money and help their families. Not only women are trafficked but children also. Newborn are stolen to be given to a rich couples who are infertile and want to adopting a child. In conclusion we see how there are different measurements of poverty and the different effects poverty have on men, women, and children. Poverty is the condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support. Usually people living in poverty lack the essential as water, food, and shelter. Poverty is said to be cause by climate, Environment ,Geographic factor, lack of natural resources, Disease, lacking rule of law and also lack of democracy, infrastructure, health car, education, Government corruption, free trade, racial discrimination and overpopulation. Research Papers on Causes of PovertyStandardized TestingInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesTwilight of the UAWThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationBringing Democracy to AfricaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraDefinition of Export QuotasResearch Process Part OneQuebec and Canada

How to Make a Colored Campfire

How to Make a Colored Campfire A campfire always adds warmth and excitement to an outdoor experience, but you can easily kick it up a notch by coloring the flames. There are several ways to achieve the effect, so you can choose one that works best for you. Sprinkle Chemicals on the Campfire You can buy little packets of chemicals to sprinkle over a campfire to make colored flames, but its easy to make these yourself. Simply add chemicals to a zipper plastic bag and add them to the fire. Its best to add chemicals after youre done cooking, to avoid any chance of accidental contamination. These chemicals arent very toxic, so they wont produce dangerous smoke or harm the ground. white - magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt)yellow - sodium chloride (table salt)green - borax (laundry booster or roach powder), boric acid powder (disinfectant), or copper sulfate (algae treatment)blue - copper chloridepurple - potassium chloride (salt substitute)pink - lithium (from a battery) or lithium chloridered - strontium nitrate or strontium chloride (in emergency road flares)orange - iron oxide (rust) Most of these chemicals you can get at a grocery store. Others you can order online. There are also many more chemicals that produce colored fire, based on the flame test, but be sure to check how safe one of these other chemicals is before adding it to a campfire. A word of advice: if you can, avoid adding yellow (sodium chloride) because it will overpower all the other colors! Anyway, a campfire is mostly orange and yellow, so you dont really need those colors. My personal preference is just to use copper sulfate. Why? The salt manages to produce almost the entire spectrum of colors all on its own, plus copper is already present in relatively high concentration in soils. Its also pretty easy to find. Burn Driftwood If your campfire is located near the beach, you can get a colored fire simply by burning driftwood. Driftwood produces an eerie blue to purple flame. The natural salts that have soaked into the wood to produce the color also produce a smoke that isnt good to breathe, plus you should not cook over a driftwood campfire, but on a still night, the effect is breathtaking. Add Chemicals to Paper, Sawdust, or Pinecones Another way to make a colored campfire is to add pre-treated paper, sawdust, or pinecones to the fire. Make a mixture of the desired material with one of the coloring chemicals and a small amount of water or rubbing alcohol. Some chemicals dissolve better in rubbing alcohol, producing better results. Let the chemical solution soak in ​for several hours or overnight. Allow your material to dry. You may want to spread it out a bit to speed up the process. You can pack it in a paper or plastic bag, and carry it with you on your camping trip. Toss a treated pinecone, handful of sawdust, or crumpled sheet of treated paper into the campfire to color the flames.

American Enlightenment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Enlightenment - Essay Example The essay compares and analyses drug reform policy and the tools of American enlightenment within the framework of different aspects. Comparative Analysis According to the social contract, the policy reforms does not belief that citizens are the ones able to bring down the supply, distribution, marketing, and manufacture of harmful drug. Therefore, the policy reform does not give citizens the mandatory to decide about ways of reducing drug consumption; it only gives the solution to the problem without regards from its citizen. On the hand, one of the American enlightened group oppose the reforms and argue that it is the American citizens to decide their fate. They advocate that, drug addiction in the community should be addressed as the public health problem and not as criminal issue as the reform stipulates (Koch, 2009, p. 45). According to the reform policy it calls for decriminalization of citizens involved in supply, marketing distribution, and manufacturer. Contrary to the refor m, other groups in America strongly disagree with the move of decriminalization of citizen as a result of possessing illegal drugs. On the classical liberalism, it advocates for policies which allows or increase prosperity among citizens. The policy on drug reform does not allow free trade and world peace. According to the policy, it will decriminalize any citizen involved in illegal drugs either through supply, marketing, or manufacture of the drug. Although the policy intents to reduce penalties that it is currently imposed to those involved in drug trafficking, it does not allow free trade to occur (Koch, 2009, p. 45). Therefore, drug reform law does not empower the drug users or offer solution to the menace. In regards to the policy, the central purpose of drug decriminalization was to reduce harm to the society and not allow businesses of drug to continue; it is believed to be the cause of death, over use, and deaths. Contrary to the drug reform policy, the American enlightened group opposes the reform citing that it does not consider the large population that supplies drugs. According to Americans for safe access and high times freedom fighters, they strongly advocate the reform on drug policy, calling for the government to license those that are involved in the supply and marketing the drugs. According to the group, they support free trade and world peace; they believe that after licensing the business people, it will lead to the free trade hence reducing the gap between poor and rich. In relation with the group, they term that it is only those whom are rich that benefit from drug trafficking; they are able to corrupt officers of the government. Therefore, to lessen poverty among the community; drug suppliers, and distributers should be allowed to trade freely. For that reason, the groups concern is in relation to the classical liberalism On elitism, the reform policy allows legalization of some drugs that are currently prohibited by United States gover nment. The policy states that, some drugs need to be fully legalized some of the regulated drugs. The legalized drugs should remain under the government; it should control the flow of the drugs (Koch, 2009, p. 45). The government should ensure that these drugs are well labeled; on the label it should contain the dosage for an individual to consume and the medical

Business Systems Analysis and Decision Support Essay

Business Systems Analysis and Decision Support - Essay Example following three ways will go a long way in ensuring the development of a satisfactory MIS; Business System Planning (BSP), Critical success factor (CSF) and then we have the End/Means (E/M) Analysis (Lotfi & Pegels 1986 pg. 86-102). This is one and the most vital way of determining the requirements of an MIS in MagiCo operations and in any other multinational organization. This methodology is pre-formulated by IBM itself and therefore it is standard for any form of organization that intends to use its applications. This methodology goes a long way in first establishing and listing down all the priorities in terms of Information System of the organization. One of the ways it does this is by identifying the way data is maintained in the system. To arrive at this important requirement, the relevant parties will use data architecture supporting applications (Lotfi & Pegels 1986 pg. 86-102). This will go a long way in defining the classes of data by employing the use of different matrices. As a result, relationship is established within the organization and its processes as well as the data requirements. Because of this approach, MagiCo will be able to find and establish the requirements of its system in the broad c ategorical approaches. The approach as developed by John Rockart takes the dimension of identifying the key business goals and the strategies as are planned to be applied by each manager. These are combined with those of the overall business and a comparison is thereafter made. The business and the management goals are then evaluated and this results into the establishment of the Critical Success Factors that underlie these broad goals and objectives. The identification of the CSFs will mean that the irrelevant factors are eliminated forthwith leaving the analyst with the next step of the CSF analysis (Lotfi & Pegels 1986 pg. 86-102). This is the measure of the effectiveness of CSF an activity which will go ahead in defining the requirements of the

A League of Their Own Essay Example for Free

A League of Their Own Essay In A League of Their Own, a girls baseball league was started while the professional male baseball players, along with many other men, were across seas fighting in World War II. This movie takes place in 1943. A group of ladies left their homes to become part of the All-American Girls Baseball League to keep the baseball traditions alive. In this movie, gender roles are crossed. After years of perpetrating the image of the docile little women who sat at home caring for her lord and master, American society suddenly found that it needed women who were competent to do hard skilled work during World War II (Ebert). This was alarming to the nation and threatening to some. During one of the scenes, a radio announcer announces that the league was dangerous to society. She called it sexual confusion. Much of the country began to worry about what type of women the men would have to come back to. Society believes that women should be sensitive and nurturing, not competitive. At this time, women were also running the businesses and factories. Working in factories and playing competitive sports were considered to be the role of the males. Women are to be sensitive, nurturing, and open (Johnsen). By playing sports and working in factories, women began to take over some more masculine traits. This was threatening to the men. They saw this as loosing control. Women play many parts in mens struggle for control. One part that women play is to support the idea that men and women are fundamentally different because this gives men a clear and unambiguous turf masculinity on which to pursue control in competition with one another (Johnsen). This threatened mens role and their sense of control. This threatened their masculinity. Even though women were now taking over the factories and sports while the men were away, there still were many politics involved. Instead of this new baseball league being looked at as a competitive sport, it was more of a show. One of the scouts in this movie did not want to take one of the most outstanding baseball players because she wasnt pretty. The scout finds her too homely for the league (Brown). Also, they were forced to wear skirt outfits to play in the dirt. When the women complained about that, the male instructor commented that they should be glad he isnt going to make them all wear bathing suits to play in. As if the uniforms werent discrimination enough, each and every girl had to take classes at a charm and beauty school. Here, they taught these women how to be ladies. They critiqued them in every way. They walked around and inspected each one, ordering for haircuts, eyebrow waxings, etc. When they reached the homely Marla, they were stumped as to what to do. They didnt see anyone being able to make a lady out of her. One instructor asked the other what she suggested. All the women could reply back was a lot of night games. She said this about one of the best players in the league. Also at the school, the ladies were taught how to sip not slurp tea, cross their legs appropriately, walk with grace, and balance a book on their head to promote a more graceful, feminine posture. As the movie continues, this so called womens league wasnt drawing in any profits and was threatened with closing down. This devastated the girls in the league. This league gave them something to speak of, something of their own, a sense of pride rather than just cooking and cleaning. In order to keep the league continuing, the girls had to draw attention and draw a crowd. It started to turn into a circus. The girls had to do splits to make plays more interesting, slid while the guys on the sidelines got a glimpse up their skirts, anything to make it more interesting and less threatening. At first the women were not given the respect they deserved for their hard work. Nobody believed that these housewives could play hard ball. Once the girls proved themselves, the men and the rest of society got threatened and still didnt watch. Until the sport became a show, it wasnt approved of. The girls had contests with the game to make it more interesting. One contest was called Catch a foul, win a kiss. This helps to illustrate that women are objects to be competed for, possessed, and used (Johnsen). Once the women began to make a show of the sport, the bleachers filled. Headlines began to read things such as Trading oven mitts for baseball mitts! and Diamonds, a Womens Best Friend. Women didnt receive their own league until it was the way the men wanted it. They werent to play competitively. It was to be more of a show. Women have gained only what men have been willing to grant; they have taken nothing, they have only received (Beauvoir). This is because men fear competition from women. If they are playing baseball and working in the factories, then what is the male role? Every woman who goes into medicine or law robs them of a job (Beauvoir). The men were threatened to what else the women would begin to do. Hollywood threw out its romance scripts and started making movies about strong, independent females and it was discovered that women could actually excel at professional sports (Ebert). This is a phenomenal movie that shows the power of women. It gets women out of the house and into the work force. It gets them doing just as the men. This was just the start of the women getting out of the house. Once the men came back from war, the women fought to keep their league alive. Many of the women in and outside of the league went on to be doctors and lawyers. Women were breaking out of the house whether the men were ready for it or not. The first girls in the league now have the own spot in the Baseball Hall of Fame. I believe that these women truly deserve this. Works Cited http://www.rottentomatoes.com.review.sn:usr/ns-home/cgi-bin/ad/adq.cgi, Joe Brown, 1992 http://wwwsuntimes.com/ebert/ebert_reviews/1992/07/764762html, Ebert, 1992 Johnson, Allan G. 1997. The Gender Knot: Unraveling Our Patriarchal Legacy. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press Beauvoir, Simone de. 1953. The Second Sex. Trans. And ed. H.M. Parshley. New Yourk: Alfred A. Knopf. Friedan, Betty. 1963. The Feninine Mystique. New York: Dell. (20th ann. Ed. Published by W.W. Norton, 1983.) A League of Their Own, 1992.

Ethiopia Essay -- Economy Geography Ethiopia Essays

Ethiopia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It stands as one of the oldest nations of the world, dating back to 1000 BC when the Queen of Sheba visited King Solomon. Ethiopia was a nation with promise, a nation with riches and the greatest Ivory market as far as the eye can see. So one would assume that Ethiopia is the place to live. Well if you have been to Ethiopia you would see this is not the case. Ethiopia is a povershed country where people are fighting to live everyday. There economy is nearly in ruins and there main export, is almost stolen from them. But the promise that Ethiopia had when the Queen of Sheba visited King Solomon is still there. But in order to restore Ethiopia to its previous glory, we need your help. We need that $50 million to give life back to the Ethiopian people. General Facts Official Name: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Capital City: Addis Ababa Independence Day: September 12 Total Area: 1,127,127 km^2 Land Area: 1,119,683 km^2 Water Area: 7,444 km^2 Population: 72,400,000 Languages: Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in schools) Religion: Muslim 45%-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35%-40%, Animist 12%, Other 3%-8% Life Expectancy: 37 Currency: Birr (As of January 26, 2005, 1 birr = 0.14783 CAN, 1 CAN =6.764 birr) GDP: 700 (per capita) Labour Force by Occupation: agriculture and animal husbandry 80%; government and services 12%; industry and construction 8% Industries: food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing, cement Imports: coffee, qat, gold, leather products, live animals, oilseeds (Continued) Exports: food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles, cereals, textiles Problems Today Ethiopia has a very bad basic health status compared to other countries with a low income. The health service coverage is 50.4%. Almost one out of every ten babies who are born in Ethiopia dies in their first year. Mortality rate for those under five is also high; statistics show that one out of every six children dies before they turn five. Malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and HIV/AIDS dominate Ethiopia's problem of disease. Diseases such as meningitis, malaria, cholera, measles, and shigellosis have become epidemic. Economic Problems   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There ... ...g $300,000 dollars, we need to send peacemakers to Ethiopia and settle the dispute over the Eritrea territory. There is so much money wasted by the Ethiopian government towards the military that could be used to help the Ethiopian people. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As you may now realize, Ethiopia is almost a country in ruins. It is plagued with disease and war. No matter what the government does it still seems to get worse and the government still seems to be in billions of dollars in debt. But if you accept my proposal, you will see Ethiopia get back to its former economic glory. Once again, it will produce riches; the people of Ethiopia will get cleaner water and a job. Not a job on there farm where crops are ruined, but a job in industry. They will be trained. They will come out of debt. And in time, all the money that is owed to Canada will be repaid. This isn’t just a plan to help a country for a few months. This is a revolution. This plan will pave the way for all third world countries to come out of debt and give back to their people, what the people gave to there country. Countries will give life back to the people. So accept our proposal, it will help everyone in need. Ethiopia Essay -- Economy Geography Ethiopia Essays Ethiopia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It stands as one of the oldest nations of the world, dating back to 1000 BC when the Queen of Sheba visited King Solomon. Ethiopia was a nation with promise, a nation with riches and the greatest Ivory market as far as the eye can see. So one would assume that Ethiopia is the place to live. Well if you have been to Ethiopia you would see this is not the case. Ethiopia is a povershed country where people are fighting to live everyday. There economy is nearly in ruins and there main export, is almost stolen from them. But the promise that Ethiopia had when the Queen of Sheba visited King Solomon is still there. But in order to restore Ethiopia to its previous glory, we need your help. We need that $50 million to give life back to the Ethiopian people. General Facts Official Name: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Capital City: Addis Ababa Independence Day: September 12 Total Area: 1,127,127 km^2 Land Area: 1,119,683 km^2 Water Area: 7,444 km^2 Population: 72,400,000 Languages: Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in schools) Religion: Muslim 45%-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35%-40%, Animist 12%, Other 3%-8% Life Expectancy: 37 Currency: Birr (As of January 26, 2005, 1 birr = 0.14783 CAN, 1 CAN =6.764 birr) GDP: 700 (per capita) Labour Force by Occupation: agriculture and animal husbandry 80%; government and services 12%; industry and construction 8% Industries: food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing, cement Imports: coffee, qat, gold, leather products, live animals, oilseeds (Continued) Exports: food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles, cereals, textiles Problems Today Ethiopia has a very bad basic health status compared to other countries with a low income. The health service coverage is 50.4%. Almost one out of every ten babies who are born in Ethiopia dies in their first year. Mortality rate for those under five is also high; statistics show that one out of every six children dies before they turn five. Malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and HIV/AIDS dominate Ethiopia's problem of disease. Diseases such as meningitis, malaria, cholera, measles, and shigellosis have become epidemic. Economic Problems   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There ... ...g $300,000 dollars, we need to send peacemakers to Ethiopia and settle the dispute over the Eritrea territory. There is so much money wasted by the Ethiopian government towards the military that could be used to help the Ethiopian people. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As you may now realize, Ethiopia is almost a country in ruins. It is plagued with disease and war. No matter what the government does it still seems to get worse and the government still seems to be in billions of dollars in debt. But if you accept my proposal, you will see Ethiopia get back to its former economic glory. Once again, it will produce riches; the people of Ethiopia will get cleaner water and a job. Not a job on there farm where crops are ruined, but a job in industry. They will be trained. They will come out of debt. And in time, all the money that is owed to Canada will be repaid. This isn’t just a plan to help a country for a few months. This is a revolution. This plan will pave the way for all third world countries to come out of debt and give back to their people, what the people gave to there country. Countries will give life back to the people. So accept our proposal, it will help everyone in need.

Lucida the Lioness Essay

It was around the time of the 100 years war, the bitter battle between France and England. While the world was obsessed with creating empires there was one empire that existed on a plane beyond us. To silence the voice of lions was the intent of mankind. Many eons ago, the Lion did not roar, he spoke, loud from the mountain tops and filled the world with terror. He breathed fire onto the lands below and warned of the doom of the world should a savior not be found. The word of men assumed that that savior would be a man and did not look amongst women. The answer would come in the land of Lionire, whose king sought a solution to the endless battles and torments of the lions. The prophetess Clyra had told him that his strength lay not in a man or a god, but in a woman. She told him to set sail for an unknown land and was told that he would reach this place without needing a map. After months of travel and many toils, he landed on the Cypriot islands where he fell in love with a fisherman’s daughter. Lucida was beautiful and golden, unlike the maidens of his own land who were comparatively insipid. At Lionire, trouble was worse than ever before, the Lions burning the land to cinders. But Lucida sat in her parlor and looked out over the Purple Moors. She noticed on the far side, a group of hills to which she was unmistakably drawn. The sun shone high and Lucida took the road to the Lion Caves, although she knew not what awaited her. She walked and walked to a place where time stood still and even though she walked, seemed to be going nowhere. While the wind whipped through her golden hair and the sun shone on her deep gold skin, Alfred argued with his counsel that Lucida was the answer to the portent and the country’s prayers. Meanwhile, a messenger entered the counsel-room and announced that Lucida had disappeared. After a time, a herd boy entered saying he had seen her walking that morning. He told the counsel that Lucida was seen walking towards the Cractus caves where the great lions dwelt. The people searched and searched for days and could find no trace of Lucida. After the 5th day it was assumed she had been taken by the Lion, yet the search party could go no further than the entrance to the caves. Alfred gathered his troops and set off to war, but it was not with the fear that he had carried for years. He had a peace that Lucida was alive and that she was the chosen one. So, Lucida had looked up at the hills above her and seen the gigantic lion looking down at her, she had known fear like this before but her name meant ‘the light in the dark’ and she spoke clearly to the Lion of Cractus. â€Å"If I am to dine with you or to be dined upon, this is my destiny and I am here to honor it. † One step at a time, she walked into the caves and reached out towards the Lion who came to her as a kitten would. And Lucida spoke to the great lion of Cractus and the lion himself told Lucida that he was seeking a peaceful existence between man and animal, and that if she formed a pact with him, his voice would be silenced and no more people from Lionire would be killed at the lions den. He told her that she needed to gather the women of Lionire to go to battle with their men, that they should be a partnership and not of subordination. When Lucida came down from the hills on the 6th day, she was bright and engulfed in an expanding light that the entire Lionire could see. Alfred sat astride his horse and looked out at the impossible army he was supposed to defeat. They were outnumbered 5 to 1. On her return, Lucida gathered the woman of Lionire together and those who were able to fight and they marched to the battle-fields where the enemy would be defeated. On her return, it was known that Lucida had fulfilled the prophecy and had been blessed by the great Lion of Cractus. Thereafter, not a single Lionirian citizen was ever to be killed again by a lion of the Cractus caves. She became known as Lucida the Lioness and peace reigned over the country until Lucida’s apparent death. She was known to have emancipated the women of Lionire, giving them the right to fight for their country. As a result, Lionire held the finest army in the land, its women numbering amongst its warriors. It is said that a hundred years later, Lucida took the path to the caves one last time and was never seen again. The lion’s voice was silenced and in its place was a roar that still chills the blood of those who hear it. It is a symbol what the world used to be and of the strength of a woman who was able to lead an army.

Problems Related to Internet Addiction on Children Essay

Internet could be considered as one of the best useful technological invention of our time. One can find every kind of information which s/he looks for on the internet. Because it is very useful, it is used by almost everybody especially by young people. Sometimes using internet too much may cause a serious problem named â€Å"internet addiction†, which affects mostly children. Internet addiction is a serious problem affecting especially children in two possible ways. Firstly addiction to internet influences children negatively regarding their socialisation. Children are affected by internet addiction because it takes too much time. For example, children who spend too much time with computer can not spend enough time with their family. They can not have fun enough with their family. So they evaluate a weak relationship with their family. In addition, spending too much time with computer instead of reading books may cause a weak talking skill. Moreover, not playing classical children games might affect children’s socialisation. Children who spend time with computer instead of playing classical children games with their friends because of internet addiction will probably have weak social relationships in future. Having good childhood friends is vital for having a good adulthood social life. Also, they can not learn how to struggle with real people outside because of lack of playing classical children games. It may cause being unsuccessful in their work life in future. Secondly, using too much internet might contribute to psychological problems in children. Overuse may cause increasing desire to use internet related to insufficient joy. Children addicted to internet can not get the same joy with their first internet using. The jot decreases day by day. They increase their daily internet using time in order to reach the same joy with the joy which they get previous day. Overuse may also cause being aggressive and anxious when being kept away from internet for a long time. These symptoms may even turn into symptoms of depression. Furthermore, children addicted to internet could become not to able to differentiate real life from online life. They may be extremely happy when they reach a higher level in an online game. They do not care about as much as they care about online games. They also identify themselves with virtual characters in online games. To sum up, internet addiction may cause two possible problems on which are related to their socialisation and psychology. Children should be protected from internet addiction in order to be raised as a healthy generation. Parents should make their children attend real activities (such as scouting). They also should limit their children’s internet using time.

Subject Boring

Subject Boring Here lately, Ive been running wide out with deadlines and tasks atop of sick relatives, surgery, a new puppy, and the ice storm from hell. That not only throws me in high gear, but it also makes me sort at a glance much like an agent. Sort what, you might ask? Emails, blogs to read, submissions for FundsforWriters, and requests for reviews. And you might be surprised at the key factor I use in deleting or holding to read. The quality of the subject line. Hey, when time is crazy limited, and I have chapters to write and newsletters to prepare, something has to give. Im a fast reader Yeah, that latter part sounds stupid, but that literally runs through my head. Will I regret having missed this? Butit has to start with the subject. Okay, lets talk about whats good and whats not. Ive snared these good ones from the past week. They got my attention and dragged me to their sites. How Much Should a Writer Charge for Speaking? How I Read Slush: 3 Lessons for Writers. 5 Ways to Add Humor to Your Writing. What doesnt work for me when Im in a pinch is general stuff like these. They tell me nothing. And unless the person being interviewed in the story is a huge household name, whats going to draw me in to read about an unknown? When writing about a relatively unknown individual, at least use the subject to spark interest. How to Write Better How to Build a Platform A Conversation with Novelist (fill in the blank) An Interview with (fill in the blank) A Visit with (fill in the blank) A Talk about Writing Rules On the line is something like: 3 Things I Wish I Knew Before I Published Three Is in the subject line tells me this piece is about the author, and not necessarily with focus on me and my needs. But I like learning about mistakes so I dont make them. This one is iffy. And if I happen to open up the piece, I scan first. Headers and subheaders then tell me whether to invest my time. Im not making this up! We read about this all the time. Agents, editors and publishers scan. They also have deadlines, sick relatives, surgery and snow. They have the same 24 hours as we do . . . and most of them actually have a life afterwards! So, after youve poured your heart and soul and deep intellect into a piece, whether its a blog post, a list post, or a submission, take serious time to title it skillfully. Think over-the-top wording because thats what captures a readers interest. If your subject doesnt snag them, they never get to read your beautiful words that follow.

Administrative law in Public Policy

The manholes are public utilities that are owned by municipals, regional authorities, or even companies which are hired to maintain them.   They are mainly used as access points to underground utility vaults for sewers, electricity, telephone storm drains and gas (Buckley, 2004). A fall into a manhole caused by negligence is cause enough to sue.   In this case if you can prove beyond reasonable doubt that if the authority in charge of that particular network of manhole into which you fell did not properly maintain or inspect the manholes, then, you may stand a chance of winning the case.   The ‘person’ to be sued in this case would be the authority responsible for the particular public utility, for which that particular manhole is used for (Buckley, 2004). To win, you would have to offer sufficient evidence to prove that the Authority in question had actual or constructive notice of the condition of the manhole as required by the utilities service facilities exception to governmental immunity act which provides that, â€Å"A dangerous condition of the facilities of steam, sewer water way, except that the claimant to recover must establish that the dangerous condition created a reasonably foreseeable risk of the kind of injury which was incurred and the local agency had actual notice under the circumstance of the dangerous condition at a sufficient time prior to the event to have taken measures to protect against the dangerous condition†, as per sec. 8542 (b) (5) (Buckley, 2004).   Failure to prove this would result in a compulsory no suit. Reference Buckley, W. Okent, C. (2004). Torts and Personal Injury Law (The west Legal studies series) New York: Clifton Park: Delmar Learning.

The Fall of the Berlin Wall Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Fall of the Berlin Wall - Essay Example Those in charge of the Eastern Bloc felt that this migration would lead to a so-called â€Å"brain drain†, particularly as many of the migrants were young and well-educated . The East also felt that the West, particularly West Germany, was still under fascist influences , and these two fears lead to the feeling that such migration should be stopped and the erection of the Inner German Border, separating the two areas of Germany but allowing traffic to flow freely between the two areas of Berlin, despite the city being occupied by separate powers .  Due to Berlin’s more open nature, there were fears that the emigration to the West would continue. Nikita Khrushchev, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union at the time, is implicated in making the suggestion that the Berlin Wall be erected and President John F. Kennedy is thought to have implied that no resistance would be made against the erection of such a border . Shortly following this, a deal w as made to finalize the plans, and the border was closed by military officials and barbed wire in the early days of August 1961, with the concrete elements of the wall shortly following. From this date until November 1989, it was nearly impossible to cross between the two areas of Berlin.Wall. The Cold War was a state of political tension between the West (headed by the U.S.) and the East (headed by the Soviet Union) which never showed direct military action but was symbolized by the constant threat of nuclear war.... ration should be stopped and the erection of the Inner German Border, separating the two areas of Germany but allowing traffic to flow freely between the two areas of Berlin, despite the city being occupied by separate powers5. Due to Berlin’s more open nature, there were fears that the emigration to the West would continue. Nikita Khrushchev, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union at the time, is implicated in making the suggestion that the Berlin Wall be erected and President John F. Kennedy is thought to have implied that no resistance would be made against the erection of such a border6. Shortly following this, a deal was made to finalize the plans, and the border was closed by military officials and barbed wire in the early days of August 1961, with the concrete elements of the wall shortly following. From this date until November 1989, it was nearly impossible to cross between the two areas of Berlin. The End of the Wall and the War The Cold War had a huge part to play in the construction and fall of the Berlin Wall. The Cold War was a state of political tension between the West (headed by the U.S.) and the East (headed by the Soviet Union) which never showed direct military action but was symbolized by the constant threat of nuclear war7. Ronald Reagan was one of the most influential figures of the Cold War and its end, signing an agreement to ban intermediate-range nuclear weapons with the then-Soviet Genera l Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev8. Reagan also challenged Gorbachev to tear down the wall, symbolizing as it did the oppressive regime of the Soviet Union and everything that the President stood against. At the same time, much of the Soviet economies were stagnant and revolutions in Poland and the Baltic States were well underway,

Film Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Film Music - Essay Example The difficulty of studying the nature of the music for motion pictures derives from the complexity of the medium. Films usually operate through "a conjunction of visual and auditory signals, research into film music requires an understanding of not one but two non-verbal systems of communication, as well as the problematical jargons with which we attempt to describe each of them in speech (Marks, 1997, p. 3)". Currently, few scholars have mastered the field of such specialized studies as music in silent movies. Thus, I have to address that this paper has limitation based on the narrow specialization of the topic. The subject of film music is neglected by researchers, because it spans between two disciplines and its material presents many problems (Marks, 1997). Unlike concert music, film music exists only as an accompaniment to the film and is not included into a repertoire. Especially in music for silent movies, the primary material that has to be researched is not the music, but th e film itself. Consequently, the film music in silent movies has to be studies together with a profound observation of the movie. Music in this sense is in the core of the research and the movie plot stays in the periphery (Marks, 1997). "As we view a film, our minds must contend with the ever-changing content of the moving image and the soundtrack. The individual elements (not just music, but also lighting, camera work, editing, and so forth) are submerged into the flow of images on the screen. Hence the engrossed audience rarely perceives these elements consciously; it is simply carried along by the stream of sights and sounds (Marks, 1997, p.4)." Marks (1997) points out that most of our "information about music and silent cinema dates from after 1910; earlier than that, documents are lacking and extant scores are few (p. 26)." Altman (1998) observes that in the early periods of silent film musical accompaniment was not standard practice. He explains that the US film industry began to introduce normative musical score as accompaniment between 1908 and 1912. Altman (1998) also notes that developing the musical accompaniment was a significant part of the cinematic transformation that was taking part at that time. Efforts were made to stimulate the use of film music and to supervise its quality. Much more attention should be paid on the impact of geography into music. The urbanized east coast versus the less populated western states, the neighborhood trends versus the downtown surroundings have influenced the sound in the silent movies (Altman, 1998). Ethnicity and race and the emergence of African folklore traditions, ragtime an d jazz on the musical accompaniment also placed a cornerstone in silent movies music. After the World War I and the disastrous flu epidemic in the 1918, the 1920s can be characterized as one of the most prosperous years in America. The 1920s are also called "The Roaring Twenties" or "The Jazz Age" (Blundell, n.d). After the World War I, a lot of African Americans who were living in the South, started to move North. Northern America was more industrialized and provided more employment opportunities. Thus, African Americans hoped they could make a better living. 1920s was the time when

Historical document analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Historical document analysis - Essay Example e for lower taxes and so on, during the great deal people espoused an increased role of government, which could act to ensure the welfare of less fortunate people, serve as a safety net, regulate the rules of the economic game, and ensure that everyone could live a life of dignity and have a chance at happiness. This week’s readings demonstrate that the dynamics of today’s recession have been fundamentally a part of American politics for almost a century. Though all three documents show some degree of recognition that the previous function of the American economy had become untenable, and that some new actions must take place to protect the poor and those with less control over their economic destiny, they also show a repeating, recognizable pattern that has continued to this day – a left which elected a president on the hopes of broadly redistributing wealth, a president that had to back off of his initial promise for pragmatic reasons and thus anger his own con stituents, and a right outraged by the entire process, glumly acknowledging that perhaps a social safety net was necessary, but calling any real redistribution of wealth socialism and anti-American. One of the most remarkable things upon reading these three texts is the fact that Roosevelt, even while still simply campaigning for president rather than actually being president, seemed very conscious of his place in history, and of the requirements of pragmatism that holding the presidency would entail. Instead of opening his speech with the kind of emotional call to action that can be so common in election year campaigning, Roosevelt opens with a somewhat dry recitation of presidential history, invoking Jefferson’s famous duel with Maddison over the role of the government (165). So even before becoming president, Roosevelt was conscious of the way history might view him and his actions, and was conscious of the pragmatic demands of his office. This led to his criticism of the financial system,

Importance of Declaration of Independence: Internet Freedom

Importance of Declaration of Independence: Internet Freedom Khoi Dao Relevance of Declaration of Independence In America’s revolution history, the Declaration of Independence wrote by Thomas Jefferson is one of the most iconic document. For most Americans, the Declaration of Independence describes the ideal government, one that works for its people and for their liberty, equality and happiness. Although our found father wrote the Declaration of Independence hundreds of years ago, this document is still relevant today because it gives us a blueprint to protect our â€Å"Internet’s right.† Internet is the most important invention in 20th century. There is not a better place for information and knowledge to be shared than on the World Wide Web. Internet is like supermarket of information and knowledge as it provided for everyone a fast access to practically limitless amount of data. Some people view it as a multimedia haven, some gush at the opportunities it will afford them to complete homework assignments, and for young adolescent boys it serves as a makeshift girlfriend. The Internet, and social networks by extension, is helping to spur an idea that seemed impossible a mere twenty years ago. Language barriers once prevented the average person from talking with someone in Asia or Europe, but now we have tools to communicate with someone in an entirely different language. A good example of this is Busuu.com, a site much like Facebook, where you can practice learning a language with people from different countries. The more humanity integrates over the web, the more soc ial borders dissolve. You might remember a time when the Internet did not exist, but the younger and upcoming generations will never know what it was like to live without web service. The internet service is a must have in nowadays society. Living in this age of technology without access to Internet is like living in a house with no electric. The most fundamental idea of the Internet is the freedom to share information. However, in recent years, the government proposes the SOPA (Stop Online Piracy Act) and PIPA (Protect Internet Protocol Act) bills to further regulate the internet. The goal of these acts is to stop illegal downloading and protecting intellectual property rights, but they will do more than that. The entertainment industry wants to have the power to shut down an unauthorized site or person to protect its property. The SOPA and PIPA will introduce a vast potential for censorship and abuse on making the web less safe and frigid. Websites like Youtube and Facebook will be in the scope of these bills because these websites have huge base of users that express themselves, make arts and produce videos that have lots of copyrighted video clip and music mix in. The video of your baby that you post online will be taken down just because you have music playing in the background. Our politicians tamper with the basic idea of internet, the freedom to share information, just to make the entertainment industry happy. Government involvement in the net is comparable to talking on the phone to your girlfriend while your parents listen in. You can say a few of the things you want, but a lot of the content will be restrained. The notion of censorship is the elimination of the individual liberties of free speech as guaranteed by the American Constitution, prohibiting the right to individual interests and denying personal accountability. The Internet has become the next main target of government regulation and statism. If humanity allows the best symbol of freedom to be interposed upon the results could be catastrophic to the future of our race. The rules and regulations of Internet censorship are oddly close on the side of oppression. Government regulation of the net is comparable to placing D.U.I. checkpoints at every corner to make sure you remember to follow the laws and never consider deviation. While any regulation law introduced to society is always proclaimed to be done for the greater good, the greater good in this scenario may actually lead to the demise of the Internet as we know it. The government mandating Internet censorship will be the fall of democracy. We, as Americans, value freedom, especially speech, above most everything else. Our founding fathers set up our country to ensure that our right to freedom would forever be protected. Soldiers fight constantly to protect our ability to maintain freedom and not allow us to fall under the control of invading governments. Freedom of speech allows us to create our social identities. Communicating our ideas and beliefs, no matter how strong they may be, makes us unique. The Internet is one of the biggest platforms for freedom of speech and banning it as a place of free speech would cause great uproar. If the government had passed this bill it would serve as the tipping point for allowing censorship of speech in our society. While there are those who abuse the privileges of free speech on the Internet this can only lead to a dreary finish. Who is to say that the Internet is the only place where speech should be reg ulated? The government would then examine different places where they can implement restrictions and soon we may lose basic rights. Internet censorship is also contributing to creativity suppression. This creativity could potentially help the human race in the form of innovative new ideas. The Internet forms parallels to the enlightenment era of the 18th century. A big advancement back then was the new coffee shops where a person could pay a penny for a cup of coffee and sit down with other fine gentlemen. This was an interesting time because now a person could be around those of higher intelligence and imbibe the discussions concerning things like the natural sciences and philosophy. This era managed to reform society using reason rather than tradition, faith, and revelation, which lead to an explosion of learning and inquiry. It is almost like these were the prototype for todays Internet, but instead of coffeehouses of we now have sites like Khan Academy, Facebook, and YouTube to share ideas and these sites reach an audience of millions all from the comfort of their own homes. With every social and technologica l innovation the ease and speed of human interaction increases paving the way to greater strides in innovation and thought. If we censored the things said in these cafes who knows what kind of marvelous inventions we would be without today. I could be carving this paper into a rock right now like Fred Flintstone. Nevertheless, pro censorship lobbyist are more concerned with stopping pirating and not worried about the collateral damage all this meddling will have with the people who are actually contributing useful material. The Internet, like a blossoming flower, can truly something beautiful if we allow it to be. In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson wrote, â€Å"governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government.† This statement is still true in today society. Since the government proposes the SOPA and PIPA bills, people were angry and frustrated. The online community bands together, and organizes the largest protest in Internet history to stopped the SOPA and PIPA bills. Numerous websites began discussion, educated its users about these bills and encouraged them to contact their representatives to stop these acts. Some websites even proposed a â€Å"internet blackout† to protest against these bills. On January 18, 2012, there are more than 100,000 websites participated in the protest. Websites participated in the black out included Reddit, Craiglist, Twitte r, Tumblr, and many more. These websites blackout its websites for 24 hours, and provided links for the users about the SOPA and PIPA bills. Google also participates in the protest as well. Google placed a censor bar over their Goodle doodle, and connected its users to page with information about SOPA and PIPA, and at the end of the day they got 4.5 millions of signatures on their petition. The protest was the huge success, the blackout lead to at least 18 senators withdrawing support of the bills. On January 24, which is the initial date the Congress would vote on these bills, the vote was postponed and the SOPA and PIPA bills are being stopped when people spoken loud and clear. This protest proved that Jefferson’s statement is still relevant to this day. Internet is the wonderful tool that we used it in everyday life, sometimes we even take it for granted. The government proposes SOPA and PIPA bills to censor the Internet, these bills are the biggest threat to the Internet freedom as we know it that’s ever existed. The online community came together and successfully stopped the bills. The Reluctant Fundamentalist | Analysis The Reluctant Fundamentalist | Analysis The Reluctant Fundamentalist is a novel by Mohsin Hamid, young celebrated writer who had very intricately woven the story around a young Pakistani, Changez, who faces a post 9/11 situation in the United States. The novel is his monologue: a quietly told, cleverly constructed fable of infatuation and disenchantment with America, set on the deceitful fault lines of east/west relations, and finely tuned to the ironies of prejudice and misrepresentation. This gives an insight into the post 9/11 scenario and what the Muslims had to face in the United States. It is a deeply provocative, excellent addition to the post September 11 novels. But it would be an understatement to merely term it that. The novel is rich in irony and intelligence. It is beautifully written and superbly constructed. It is more exciting than any thriller Ive read since long, as well as being a subtle and elegant analysis of the state of our world today. It seems that Mohsin Hamid would have us understand the novels title ironically. It has a double meaning likewise the title has one person with two different personas. We are provoked to question whether every critic of America in a Muslim country should be labeled a fundamentalist, or whether the term more accurately describes the capitalists of the American upper class. Yet these queries seem blunter and less interesting than the novel itself, in which the fundamentalist, and potential assassin, may be sitting on either side of the table. Even at the end of the novel the writer closes with the narration, He writes: I hope you will not resist my attempt to shake you by the hand. But why are you reaching into your jacket, Sir? Therefore, it can be gauged that the American even after all the hospitality does not shrug off the suspicion he had in the beginning. The writer starts the sentence in the second line which is self explanatory of the perception of Muslims in the United States post 9/11. It says: Do not be frightened by my beard: I am a lover of America. Throughout the novel we will come across instances where the writer tries to establish how the Americans perceive the Muslim world no matter how and what their contributions and emotions have been towards The United States. Authors Background: This book is written by Mohsin Hamid, born in 1971 in Lahore. After studying at Princeton and Harvard Law, he worked in New York and London, first as a management consultant with McKinsey and then as managing director of Wolff Olins. He now lives and writes in Lahore. His first novel, Moth Smoke- 2000, dealt with sex, drugs, and class conflict in 1990s urban Pakistan. It inquires the reader to judge the trial of an ex-banker and heroin addict who has fallen for his best friends wife. Moth Smoke became a cult hit in Pakistan. It was also the winner of a Betty Trask Award and a finalist for the PEN/Hemingway Award. This second novel, The Reluctant Fundamentalist -2007, explored the fear and suspicion that followed the 9/11 terrorist attacks. In it an American, encounters a bearded Pakistani who has left behind a high-flying career and love affair in New York. The novel became an international bestseller, won numerous awards, and was shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize. Mohsin also writes essays and journalism for the Guardian, Time Magazine, The New York Times, Dawn, La Repubica, and other publications. Mohsin Hamid started writing the novel in 2000 before even 9/11 struck and then after it stuck he weaved the story around the same man Changez who went to study in America and built it in the aftermath of the fall of the twin towers. Because the writer has been living in the United States and also studied at the same institutes that he has mentioned therefore there is a likelihood that his personal observations would have come into play too. Target Audience: The audience that the writer caters is general public. The fall of the twin towers in the United States shook the world and a war was inflicted in the name of War on Terror bringing Muslims under its crunch. Therefore this book especially focuses on the youth, as the post 9/11 situation affected mostly the young working and studying in the US. Summary: The novel begins a few years after 9/11. Mohsin Hamid has very intricately woven the story around a young bearded man, Changez who happens upon the American in Lahore, invites him to tea and tells him the story of his life in the months just before and after the attacks. In 2001, as he explains, Changez was hardly a radical, as he now appears, not from within, but from without. That monologue is the substance of Hamids graceful and unnerving novel. Fresh out of Princeton, Changez was living in New York City and working as a Financial Analyst. At Princeton he was one of only two Pakistanis in his class who did exceptionally well there: I reached my senior year without having received a single B. The man who hires him is also something like a mentor: Jim is an American who rose from poor circumstances to become a very successful man, and he sees a similar hunger in Changez, though Changez doesnt think they are that similar. The fundamental motivation is slightly different: I did not grow up in poverty. But I did. His indoctrination, however, was never total. Starting with his job interview at Underwood Samson to a post-graduation trip to Greece with friends from Princeton, Changez maintains an outsiders double perspective. On the trip he is infatuated with Erica, one of the other travelers, but is also bothered by his rich friends extravagance and the arrogance with which they give orders to anyone theyve paid for a service: I found myself wondering by what peculiarity of human history my companions many of whom I would have regarded as upstarts in my own country, so devoid of refinement were they were in a position to conduct themselves in the world as though they were its ruling class. Yet even as he recognizes the shortcoming of that ruling class, Changez, who comes from a high-status family, moving downwardly, also aspires to join it. Given his oft-mentioned phenomenal aptitude for his new job and a talent for winning over other people, that goal seems all but guaranteed. Has he sacrificed his identity in pursuit of his status? Is he an ignorant master or a shrewd subaltern? Changez has already begun to ask himself these questions when he sees the towers fall. And in the wake of the attacks, as tensions escalate between India and Pakistan, and the United States is caught up in patriotic displays that strike Changez as a dangerous form of nostalgia, he loses interest in his work. Assigned to help appraise a publishing company in Valparaiso, Chile, he spends his time visiting Nerudas house and lunching with the publisher, who compares Changez to a janissary one of the Christian youths captured and then conscripted by the Ottomans, compelled to do battle against their own civilization. He appears to hide himself and his emotions completely, until his reaction to the attacks through the sudden smile, pierces the shell. It seems to have come as a surprise even to him and while hardly endearing, it sets his tale in motion. Changez has a particular way with words, especially regarding the American. Rather than stating the obvious, he offers a more agreeable alternative one that permits both him and the American to continue their pretense. And that it is a charade right from the beginning. Come, tell me, what were you looking for? Surely, at this time of day, only one thing could have brought you to the district of Old Anarkali and that is the quest for the perfect cup of tea. Have I guessed correctly? In the last lines of the 1st page the writer pens the American mindset, he writes: You prefer that seat with your back so close to the wall? He then adds satirically explaining to the American that the Pakistanis are not all terrorists and to be feared: You would have been surprised by the sweetness of his (Waiters) speech, if only you understood Urdu. Mohsin Hamid also talks about the dilemmas of the Pakistani society and narrates: Status in any traditional, class conscious society declines more slowly than wealth. He also talks about the suspicion with which the Americans view the Pakistanis, he tells him that the food is not poisoned and therefore offers an exchange of tea cups also to shrug all suspicions. The writer continues reflecting on the American mind and how they view the Muslims and adds to the tale: The American says: Although I like Pakistanis but the elite has raped that place well and good, right? And fundamentalism, you guys have some serious problem with fundamentalism. The writer through the mind of Changez feels bridled but accepts that there was nothing overtly objectionable in what he said. But the offence that he took made him restrict his response to Yes there are challenges but my family is there and I can assure you it is not as bad as that. Readers may be led to believe that the conversation over tea and dinner is merely a framing device, and that the true heart of the novel is the life-story Changez recounts, but that narrative is interrupted too often. Changezs life-story holds clues to what brings these two men together here for what is surely meant to be a fateful encounter which the writer pulls that off to some extent. Two things follow the turning point in the novel: Changez begins his introspection about Americas hegemony and power and the city he had embraced with such joy only a few months before begins to view him with mistrust and suspicion as the public mood and climate change. Changezs life begins to unravel quickly. Erica slips away from him, is confined to a mental asylum and eventually disappears. He is fired from his job. He returns to Lahore, bitter and disillusioned about the United States, and begins to teach at a university. His exposition of US behavior in its grief-crazed, wounded state offers a sort of postscript to this novel. As a society, you retreated into myths of your own difference, assumptions of your own superiority. And you acted out these beliefs on the stage of the world Such an America had to be stopped in the interests not only of the rest of humanity but also in your own. Changez does not let on exactly what he does to stop America once he is back in Pakistan though he admits that is his mission. Hamid keeps the ending of the novel open and faintly ominous. It is hard to tell how reliable a narrator Changez is. Analysis: Mohsin Hamid is a young celebrated writer. A less sophisticated author might have told a short narrative of an immigrants experiences of discrimination and ignorance. But Hamids novel is distinguished by its portrayal of Changezs class aspirations and inner struggle. For, to be an American is to view the world in a certain way. Ericas obsession with the past engineered to dovetail with Americas nostalgia and with Changezs yearning for a lost Lahore while her disappearance neatly parallels his departure from America. Hamid, who himself attended Princeton and worked in corporate America, aptly captures the ethos and hypocrisies truly and intricately. We never learn the American mans identity, yet Changez regularly interrupts the story to address him. Perhaps he had been pursuing Changez, who has become a leader of anti-American protests. Apparently, the man is on a mission and he may be carrying a weapon, as indicated in the last lines. The use of monologue in The Reluctant Fundamentalist allows the writer intimate access to his central characters mind. Not without its limitations, monologue is used here with great effectiveness, particularly in helping to build suspense. Changezs tone, which is sometimes exaggeratedly polite, sometimes darkly menacing, is laced with the bitter irony. The precise, rather classical orchestration of symmetries and reciprocities is both a strength and a weakness in the book. It fosters the kind of concentratedly astute cultural observation at which Hamid excels. At frequent intervals the narrative executes a nice flourish in the form of some densely symbolic image or succinct remark. Changez meaningfully summarizes, for instance, the experience of every happy Manhattan transplant when he declares: I was, in four and a half years, never an American; I was immediately a New Yorker. Conclusion: The nature of fiction here is closer to reality. The east/west scenario, the discovery of ones patriotism and a morally superior set of values leaves Changez with a sense of decision to leave the United States in the wake of September 11 attacks. He, therefore becomes a potentially fascinating character, what his creator would have intended. This is undoubtedly a great novel written out of the anguished material of these kinds of east/west encounters. This book and its author (who won a Betty Trask award for his first novel, Moth Smoke) certainly has the potential to produce more world class novels. It gives an insight into the American mind and how the world in a post 9/11 circumstances view the Muslims. It also enhances feelings of patriotism when the other partys intentions become evident. My critical analysis of The Reluctant Fundamentalist is a testament to its genuinely provocative nature, and it remains, at the very least, an intelligent, highly engaging piece of work.